Modelling changes in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in Europe from 2005 to 2030

Abstract. Secondary inorganic PM2.5 particles are formed from SOx (SO2+SO42-), NOx (NO+NO2), and NH3 emissions, through the formation of either ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) or nitrate (NH4NO3). EU limits WHO guidelines for levels frequently exceeded in Europe, particular winter months. In addition critical loads eutrophication most European continent. Further reductions emissions other PM precursors beyond 2030 requirements could alleviate some health burden fine also reduce deposition nitrogen to vulnerable ecosystems. Using regional-scale EMEP/MSC-W model, we have studied effects year on concentrations depositions Europe light present (2017), past (2005), future (2030) conditions. Our calculations show that a large extent is limited by ratio between one hand plus hand. As increasing, potential further curb decreasing. Here per gram mitigated, resulting simulated using about factor 2.6 lower than when 2005 used. However, this winter. Thus may similar curbing season. Following expected emission, reduced (NH3+NH4+) should decrease Europe. as emission larger NH3, fraction total (reduced oxidised nitrogen) deposited increasing exceed 60 % 2030. exceedances will mainly rely ability emissions.